Emerging research themes and evolution of climate change communication research from the last twenty years

Mariya A. Kulkova 1 * , Klarisa I. Vorobyeva 2, Svetlana V. Dmitrichenkova 3, Andrey V. Korzhuev 4, Alla A. Filippova 4, Nikolai A. Kontarov 4
More Detail
1 Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, RUSSIA
2 Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, RUSSIA
3 Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, RUSSIA
4 I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RUSSIA
* Corresponding Author
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, Volume 16, Issue 3, Article No: e202639. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/18787
OPEN ACCESS   25 Views   16 Downloads   Published online: 20 Jun 2026
Download Full Text (PDF)
This article belongs to the special issue "Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Communication, Education, and Ethics in the Digital Age"

ABSTRACT

Climate change communication (CCC) is an important area of research that examines how various strategies are used to raise awareness, educate, and promote action on the impacts of climate change. Although CCC holds a significant place in the environmental communication literature, there is limited research identifying the development and key topics in this field over the past 20 years. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of research on CCC worldwide from January 2006 to December 2025. To address the research question, we used bibliometric mapping to systematically assess and visually represent the development of this research field using VOSviewer to summarize and visualize research topics and the evolution of the frontiers in CCC literature. For data collection, 825 articles in the Scopus database were analyzed. The results showed that most journals with the highest number of publications are classified as Q1 in Scopus, and co-cited documents covered the field, which began with psychological behavioral theories, developed through media ethics and framing strategies, and has evolved into a multidimensional discipline that now encompasses political and economic constraints. In addition, the results demonstrated that emerging research themes included public perceptions, psychological and demographic dynamics, policy and risk management, public opinion and public health, social media, and geographic focus. Furthermore, the results highlight a significant research gap, indicating that future studies should examine CCC in diverse cultural environments.

CITATION

Kulkova, M. A., Vorobyeva, K. I., Dmitrichenkova, S. V., Korzhuev, A. V., Filippova, A. A., & Kontarov, N. A. (2026). Emerging research themes and evolution of climate change communication research from the last twenty years. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 16(3), e202639. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/18787

REFERENCES

  • Abdullah, K. H. (2023). An analysis of publications on climate change communication using a bibliometric lens. Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological, and Environmental Science, 12(3), 354-371. https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2023v12i3.p354-371
  • Abeles, A. T., Howe, L. C., Krosnick, J. A., & MacInnis, B. (2019). Perception of public opinion on global warming and the role of opinion deviance. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 63, 118-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.04.001
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t
  • Akerlof, K., Delamater, P., Boules, C., Upperman, C., & Mitchell, C. (2015). Vulnerable populations perceive their health as at risk from climate change. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(12), 15419-15433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214994
  • Ansah, P. O., Campbell, E., Kotcher, J., Rosenthal, S. A., Leiserowitz, A., & Maibach, E. (2023). Predictors of U.S. public support for climate aid to developing countries. Environmental Research Communications, 5, Article 125003. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad0ff2
  • Antilla, L. (2005). Climate of scepticism: US newspaper coverage of the science of climate change. Global Environmental Change, 15(4), 338-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.08.003
  • Asmi, F., Anwar, M. A., Zhou, R., Wang, D., & Sajjad, A. (2019). Social aspects of ‘climate change communication’ in the 21st century: A bibliometric view. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 62(14), 2393-2417. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2018.1541171
  • Badullovich, N. (2023). From influencing to engagement: A framing model for climate communication in polarised settings. Environmental Politics, 32(2), 207-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2022.2052648
  • Badullovich, N., Grant, W. J., & Colvin, R. M. (2020). Framing climate change for effective communication: A systematic map. Environmental Research Letters, 15(12), Article 123002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba4c7
  • Balasubramanyam, V., Stanis, S. W., Morgan, M., & Ojewola, O. (2019). Climate change communication in the Midwestern United States: Perceptions of state park interpreters. Environmental Management, 63(5), 615-628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01142-1
  • Ballantyne, A. G. (2016). Climate change communication: What can we learn from communication theory? Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change, 7(3), 329-344. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.392
  • Ballew, M. T., Thomas-Walters, L., Goldberg, M. H., Verner, M., Lu, J., Marshall, J., Rosenthal, S. A., & Leiserowitz, A. (2025). Climate change messages can promote support for climate action globally. Global Environmental Change, 90, Article 102951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102951
  • Bayes, R., Bolsen, T., & Druckman, J. N. (2023). A research agenda for climate change communication and public opinion: The role of scientific consensus messaging and beyond. Environmental Communication, 17(1), 16-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2020.1805343
  • Bere-Semeredi, I., & Bere-Semeredi, A. A. (2020). Perception, knowledge, attitude and behavior toward climate change—A survey among citizens in Timisoara, Romania. In G. Prostean, J. Lavios Villahoz, L. Brancu, & G. Bakacsi (Eds.), Innovation in sustainable management and entrepreneurship. SIM 2019. Springer proceedings in business and economics (pp. 199-217). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44711-3_15
  • Bernauer, T., & McGrath, L. F. (2016). Simple reframing unlikely to boost public support for climate policy. Nature Climate Change, 6(7), 680-683. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2948
  • Boon, H. J. (2016). Perceptions of climate change risk in four disaster-impacted rural Australian towns. Regional Environmental Change, 16(1), 137-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0744-3
  • Boykoff, M. T., & Boykoff, J. M. (2004). Balance as bias: Global warming and the US prestige press. Global Environmental Change, 14(2), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.10.001
  • Boykoff, M. T., & Boykoff, J. M. (2007). Climate change and journalistic norms: A case-study of US mass-media coverage. Geoforum, 38(6), 1190-1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.01.008
  • Brosch, T. (2021). Affect and emotions as drivers of climate change perception and action: A review. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 42, 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.02.001
  • Brulle, R. J., Carmichael, J., & Jenkins, J. C. (2012). Shifting public opinion on climate change: An empirical assessment of factors influencing concern over climate change in the U.S., 2002-2010. Climatic Change, 114(2), 169-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0403-y
  • Chen, D., Guo, Y., Wang, C., Xu, Y., & Zhang, H. (2022). Dispersion and Disparity: Bibliometric and visualized analysis of research on climate change science communication. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), Article 15766. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315766
  • Chiquetto, J. B., & Nolasco, M. A. (2024). New insights on climate change and adaptation research in Brazil: A bibliometric and bibliographic review. Discover Environment, 2, Article 36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-024-00067-9
  • Cocolas, N., Walters, G., Ruhanen, L., & Higham, J. (2024). Air travel and persuasive climate communications. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 32(10), 2118-2140. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2023.2272060
  • De Sousa, A. C. N. C. (2025). Meio ambiente e mudanças climáticas no Brasil [Environment and climate change in Brazil]. Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 66, 180-207. https://doi.org/10.5380/dma.v66i.94264
  • Doyle, J., Chiari, S., Pearl, P., Ellis, K., Völler, S., Shaw, C., & Hezel, B. (2024). Transforming young adults’ climate learning and actions through a co-created climate communication retreat. Environmental Education Research, 30(12), 2340-2358. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2024.2348693
  • Duan, R., & Bombara, C. (2026). Exploring how personal experience with wildfire relates to climate change engagement in the western United States. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 16, 136-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-025-01025-4
  • Dumitrescu, M. (2025). Engagement and accessibility in climate communication. The International Journal of Climate Change Impacts and Responses, 17(2), 63-92. https://doi.org/10.18848/1835-7156/cgp/v17i02/63-92
  • Flores, E. C., Flores, A. F., Abarca-Diaz, B., Camizan-Castro, R., Mendoza-Lozada, E., Ortiz-Contreras, F., & Kakuma, R. (2025). Fostering leadership and gender equality in climate action among underserved, rural and Indigenous women: A qualitative exploration of opportunities and limitations in Peru. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 46, Article 101109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101109
  • Goggin, M. L., Gerber, B. J., & Larson, S. J. (2014). U.S. local governments and climate change: Examining the acquisition and use of research-based knowledge in policy development. Risk Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 5(2), 156-177. https://doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12057
  • Guido, Z., Hill, D., Crimmins, M., & Ferguson, D. (2013). Informing decisions with a climate synthesis product: Implications for regional climate services. Weather Climate and Society, 5(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-12-00012.1
  • Happer, C. (2017). Belief in change: The role of media and communications in driving action on climate change. In A. Elliott, J. Cullis, & V. Damodaran (Eds.), Climate change and the humanities (pp. 177-197). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55124-5_9
  • Holmberg, K., & Hellsten, I. (2015). Gender differences in the climate change communication on Twitter. Internet Research, 25(5), 811-828. https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-07-2014-0179
  • Huan, C. (2024). Politicized or popularized? News values and news voices in China’s and Australia’s media discourse of climate change. Critical Discourse Studies, 21(2), 200-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2023.2200194
  • Ittefaq, M. (2024). Climate communication, public health, and social media: Examining the role of health agencies in addressing the impacts of climate change on human health. Journal of Health Communication, 29(sup1), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2024.2360021
  • Jiao, Y., Saleh, M. S. M., & Huang, M. (2025). Climate change information sharing behavior on social media among young users in Guangzhou, China. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 15(2), Article e202511. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/15985
  • Jones, C., Hine, D. W., & Marks, A. D. G. (2017). The future is now: Reducing psychological distance to increase public engagement with climate change. Risk Analysis, 37(2), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12601
  • Jurnet, Á. A., & Ureta, A. L. (2025). The contribution of extreme event communication to climate change mitigation: Outrage and blame discourse in Twitter conversation on severe fires. Journalism and Media, 6(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6010001
  • Kelinsky-Jones, L. R., & Levine, A. S. (2025). Local sustainability officers’ desire to collaborate for climate action. Sustainability and Climate Change, 18(1), 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1089/scc.2024.0132
  • Kim, H., & Chae, S. (2025). Climate change health communication and its association with awareness and behaviors in South Korea. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 26, Article 100583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2025.100583
  • Klas, A., Clarke, E. J. R., Fielding, K., Mackay, M., Lohmann, S., & Ling, M. (2022). Investigating how economic and national identity loss messages impact climate change policy support. Climatic Change, 175, Article 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03472-2
  • Laatsch, J., & Ma, Z. (2016). Climate-change communication within public natural resource agencies: Lessons learned from the U.S. forest service. Society & Natural Resources, 29(10), 1169-1185. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1107790
  • Lamb, M., & Lane, M. (2016). Aristotle on the ethics of communicating climate change. In C. Heyward (Ed.), Climate justice in a non-ideal world (pp. 229-254). Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198744047.003.0012
  • Lambebo, I. H., Eba, K., & Tucho, G. T. (2025). Community’s perceptions on health and ecological impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies in rural areas of the central Ethiopian Region. BMC Public Health, 25(1), Article 3310. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24719-4
  • Latkin, C., Lee, H., Srinivasan, S., Bhaktaram, A., & Dayton, L. (2025). Who is taking actions to address climate change: Prevalence and correlates of actions to address climate change in a nationally representative U.S. sample of adults. Sustainability, 17(5), Article 1861. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17051861
  • León, B., Negredo, S., & Erviti, M. C. (2022). Social engagement with climate change: Principles for effective visual representation on social media. Climate Policy, 22(8), 976-992. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2077292
  • Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ, 339, b2700. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2700
  • Liu, J. C-E. (2025). China’s climate grand propaganda on social media and mass media: Evidence from Twitter and state newspapers. Energy Research & Social Science, 125, Article 104086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104086
  • Lohani, M., Velásquez-Franco, S., Janney, B., & Zummo, L. (2025). Voices unheard: Meaning, implications, and challenges for historically marginalized communities at the forefront of climate change. Interdisciplinary Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 21(3), Article e2512. https://doi.org/10.29333/ijese/16618
  • Loria, R. N., Pugel, J., Goldberg, M. H., Halla, D. A., Bascom, R., Scott, J. T., Crowley, M., & Long, E. C. (2025). Email outreach attracts the US policymakers’ attention to climate change but common advocacy techniques do not improve engagement. Communications Earth & Environment, 6, Article 76. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02055-0
  • Maduneme, E., & Cohen, A. S. (2024). Solutions journalism stories boosts pro-environmental behavioral intentions through positive affect and collective efficacy beliefs. Environment and Behavior, 56(3-4), 244-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139165241286874
  • Mayfield-Smith, K., Lamm, A., Masambuka-Kanchewa, F., Borron, A., & Holt, J. (2021). Arguing for argument’s sake? Exploring public conversations around climate change on Twitter. Journal of Applied Communications, 105(4). https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.2382
  • McGill, B. M., Nelson, T., Steiner, M. A., & Heller, N. E. (2024). Shifting climate communication narratives toward actions and futures in a rural area of Appalachia. Science Communication, 46(2), 178-209. https://doi.org/10.1177/10755470241227443
  • Merritt, E., Retchless, D., Thapa, B., & Sugg, J. (2025). Using interactive maps to reveal the content of second-order climate change beliefs. Cartographic Perspectives, 107, 6-27. https://doi.org/10.14714/cp107.1913
  • Miller, E. (2025). The Black Saturday bushfire disaster: Found poetry for arts-based knowledge translation in disaster risk and climate change communication. Arts & Health, 17(1), 8-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2024.2310861
  • Miniard, D., & Attari, S. Z. (2025). Connecting climate change to important issues increases perception of climate change as a risk multiplier. Climatic Change, 178, Article 197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-025-04034-y
  • Muradova, L., & Beauvais, E. (2025). Promoting pro-environmental beliefs and behaviour: Choose-your-own story futuristic climate game. PLoS ONE, 20(3), Article e0317773. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317773
  • Nost, E., Gehrke, G., Poudrier, G., Lemelin, A., Beck, M., Wylie, S., & Environmental Data & Governance Initiative. (2021). Visualizing changes to US federal environmental agency websites, 2016-2020. PLoS ONE, 16(2), Article e0246450. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246450
  • Nousiainen, N., Riekkinen, V., & Meriläinen, T. (2022). Municipal climate communication as a tool in amplifying local climate action and developing a place brand. Environmental Research Communications, 4(12), Article 125003. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/aca1fe
  • O’Callaghan, K. A., Nunn, P. D., Casey, S., Crimmins, G., & Dugmore, H. (2025). Speaking of climate change: Reframing effective communication for greater impact. Climate, 13(4), Article 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli13040069
  • O’Neill, S. J., Boykoff, M., Niemeyer, S., & Day, S. A. (2013). On the use of imagery for climate change engagement. Global Environmental Change, 23(2), 413-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.11.006
  • Orlove, B., Pfirman, S., Stovall, G., Hernandez, T., Redsecker, K., Eklund, K., & Simon, E. B. (2024). FutureCoast: A playful way to assess public perceptions for better climate change communication. Environmental Communication, 18(8), 1039-1061. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2024.2341926
  • Painter, J., Ettinger, J., Holmes, D., Loy, L., Pinto, J., Richardson, L., Thomas-Walters, L., Vowles, K., & Wetts, R. (2023). Climate delay discourses present in global mainstream television coverage of the IPCC’s 2021 report. Communications Earth & Environment, 4, Article 118. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00760-2
  • Plechatá, A., Hielkema, M. H., Merkl, L., Makransky, G., & Frøst, M. B. (2024). Shifting from information-to experience-based climate change communication increases pro-environmental behavior via efficacy beliefs. Environmental Communication, 18(5), 589-609. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2024.2334727
  • Poonamallee, L. (2025). Countering climate fear with mindfulness: A framework for sustainable behavioral change. Sustainability, 17(14), Article 6472. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146472
  • Prosinger, J., Suhardiman, D., & Giordano, M. (2015). Linking climate change discourse with climate change policy in the Mekong: The case of Lao PDR. In C. T. Hoanh, R. Johnston, & V. Smakhtin (Eds.), Climate change and agricultural water management in developing countries (pp. 208-220). CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780643663.0208
  • Raimi, K. T., Sarge, M. A., Geiger, N., Gillis, A., & Cunningham, J. L. (2024). Effects of communicating the rise of climate migration on public perceptions of climate change and migration. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 93, Article 102210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102210
  • Reichel, C., Plüschke-Altof, B., & Plaan, J. (2022). Speaking of a ‘climate crisis’: Fridays for future’s attempts to reframe climate change. Innovation: European Journal of Social Science Research, 35(3), 370-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2022.2108006
  • Singh, A. S., Eanes, F., & Prokopy, L. S. (2020). Climate change uncertainty among American farmers: An examination of multi-dimensional uncertainty and attitudes towards agricultural adaptation to climate change. Climatic Change, 162(3), 1047-1064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02860-w
  • Smith, K., McDonagh, B., & Brookes, E. (2025). Place-based arts engagement and learning histories: An effective tool for climate action. Environmental Communication, 19(2), 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2024.2382473
  • Smith, N., & Leiserowitz, A. (2014). The role of emotion in global warming policy support and opposition. Risk Analysis, 34(5), 937-948. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12140
  • Spisak, B. R., State, B., Van De Leemput, I., Scheffer, M., & Liu, Y. (2022). Large-scale decrease in the social salience of climate change during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE, 17(1), Article e0256082. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256082
  • Spitzer, J., Grapsas, S., Poorthuis, A. M. G., & Thomaes, S. (2024). Supporting youth emotionally when communicating about climate change: A self-determination theory approach. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 48(2), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/01650254231190919
  • Syakirah, N., Anwar, R. K. A., & Winoto, Y. W. (2025). Environmental communication in social media: A bibliometric study of climate change discourse and public engagement. The Journal of Society & Media, 9(1), 203-240. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v9n1.p203-240
  • Tan, F., Luqman, R., Asmi, F., Zhou, R., & Anwar, M. A. (2023). What matters for sustainability and climate change actions in developing countries: A stimulus-organism-behavior-consequence (SOBC) perspective. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, Article 1134840. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1134840
  • Thaker, J. (2024). Cross-country analysis of the association between media coverage and exposure to climate news with awareness, risk perceptions, and protest participation intention in 110 countries. Environmental Communication, 18(3), 233-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2272299
  • Valdez, R. X., Peterson, M. N., & Stevenson, K. T. (2018). How communication with teachers, family and friends contributes to predicting climate change behaviour among adolescents. Environmental Conservation, 45(2), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892917000443
  • Waters, Y. L., Wilson, K. A., & Dean, A. J. (2023). Plastic action or distraction? Marine plastic campaigns influence public engagement with climate change in both general and engaged audiences. Marine Policy, 152, Article 105580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105580
  • Waters, Y. L., Wilson, K. A., & Dean, A. J. (2024). The role of iconic places, collective efficacy, and negative emotions in climate change communication. Environmental Science & Policy, 151, Article 103635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.103635
  • Waters, Y., Thompson, K., Wilson, K., & Dean, A. (2025). Beyond threats, we need more information about action–How individuals see themselves (or not) in complex social-ecological systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 379, Article 124788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124788
  • Wu, M., Long, R., Chen, H., & Wang, J. (2023). Is social media more conducive to climate change communication behavior? The mediating role of risk perception and environmental values. Environment Development and Sustainability, 26(11), 29401-29427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03870-1
  • Xia, Y., Yang, Z., & Cheng, X. (2025). Increasingly politicised framing and the elusive public sphere: Chinese government-led climate communication on social media. Asian Journal of Communication, 35(5), 403-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2025.2543782
  • Yan, X., & Schäfer, M. S. (2025). Multimodal climate change communication on WeChat: Analyzing visual/textual clusters on China’s largest social media platform. Climatic Change, 178, Article 133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-025-03980-x