AIsmosis and the pas de deux of human-AI interaction: Exploring the communicative dance between society and artificial intelligence
More Detail
1 Faculty of Business, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, TÜRKİYE
2 Faculty of Communication, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, TÜRKİYE
* Corresponding Author
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, Volume 13, Issue 4, Article No: e202340.
https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13414
OPEN ACCESS 2770 Views 1871 Downloads Published online: 19 Jun 2023
ABSTRACT
As the global influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in our daily lives and the looming advent of artificial general intelligence (AGI) become increasingly apparent, the need for a sophisticated interpretive framework intensifies. This paper introduces ‘AIsmosis’–a term that captures AI’s gradual, nuanced integration into society, and akin to the biological process of osmosis. AI’s integration dynamics are examined through the lens of three pivotal theories: social construction of technology, technological determinism, and diffusion of innovations. These theories collectively elucidate the sociocultural influences on AI, the potential repercussions of unchecked technological growth, and the factors driving the adoption of novel technologies. Building upon these explorations, the ‘controlled AIsmosis’ conceptual framework emerges, emphasizing ethically conscious development, active stakeholder communication, and democratic dialogue in the context of AI technology adoption. Rooted in communicative action theory, this framework illuminates AI’s transformative impact on society. It calls for a comprehensive evaluation of systems that steer AI diffusion and their potential impacts, acknowledging the pervasive influence of AI and transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries. This work underscores the need for a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach in investigating the complex AI-society interplay and understanding the ethical and societal consequences of AIsmosis.
CITATION
Bozdag, A. A. (2023). AIsmosis and the pas de deux of human-AI interaction: Exploring the communicative dance between society and artificial intelligence.
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(4), e202340.
https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13414
REFERENCES
- Adorno, T. W. (1991). The culture industry: Selected essays on mass culture. Routledge.
- Baker, R. S., Hawn, A. (2022). Algorithmic bias in education. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32, 1052-1092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00285-9
- BBC News. (2023). Drake and the weekend song ‘pulled’ by Universal Music. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65309313
- Benjamin, R. (2019). Race after technology: Abolitionist tools for the new Jim Code. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz162
- Bickmore, T. W., & Picard, R. W. (2004). Towards caring machines. In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/985921.986097
- Bonhoeffer, K. (1904). Der Korsakowsche Symptomenkoplex in seinen Beziehungen zu den verschiedenen Krankheitsformen [Korsakoff’s complex of symptoms in relation to the various forms of the disease]. Allgemeine Zeitung Psychiatrie [General Newspaper Psychiatry], 61, 744e752.
- Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company.
- Bubeck, S., Chandrasekaran, V., Eldan, R., Gehrke, J., Horvitz, E., Kamar, E., Lee, P., Lee, Y. T., Li, Y., Lundberg, S., Nori, H., Palangi, H., Ribeiro, M. T., & Zhang, Y. (2023, March). Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/sparks-of-artificial-general-intelligence-early-experiments-with-gpt-4/
- Büchi, M., Festic, N., & Latzer, M. (2022). The chilling effects of digital dataveillance: A theoretical model and an empirical research agenda. Big Data & Society, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517211065368
- Bughin, J., Hazan, E., Ramaswamy, S., Chui, M., Allas, T., Dahlström, P., Henke, N., & Trench, M. (2017). The rise of AI: What do its advances mean for business strategy? McKinsey Quarterly.
- Caldarini, G., Jaf, S., & McGarry, K. (2022). A literature survey of recent advances in chatbots. Information, 13(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13010041
- Capital.com. (2023). Top AI stocks: Best artificial intelligence companies to invest in. Capital.com. https://capital.com/top-ai-stocks-companies-to-invest
- Chen, H., Chiang, R. H. L., & Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact. MIS Quarterly, 36(4), 1165-1188. https://doi.org/10.2307/41703503
- Council of Europe. (2022). Artificial intelligence and education: A critical view through the lens of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law. Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/artificial-intelligence-and-education-a-critical-view-through-the-lens/1680b7c9b8
- Crawford, K. (2015). Can an algorithm be agonistic? Ten scenes from life in calculated publics. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 41(1), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243915589635
- Eubanks, V. (2018). Automating inequality: How high-tech tools profile, police, and punish the poor. St. Martin’s Press.
- Financial Times. (2023). We must slow down the race to God-like AI. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/03895dc4-a3b7-481e-95cc-336a524f2ac2
- Fitzpatrick, K. K., Darcy, A., & Vierhile, M. (2017). Delivering cognitive behavior therapy to young adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety using a fully automated conversational agent (Woebot): A randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health, 4(2), e19. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.7785
- Floridi, L. (2014). The fourth revolution: How the infosphere is reshaping human reality. Oxford University Press.
- Foot, P. (1967). Abortion and the doctrine of double effect. Oxford Review, 5, 5-15.
- Forbes. (2020). Why AI is transforming the banking industry. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2020/04/05/why-ai-is-transforming-the-banking-industry/
- Forester, J. (1999). The deliberative practitioner: Encouraging participatory planning processes. MIT Press.
- Fortune. (2023a). Scammers are using voice-cloning A.I. tools to sound like victims’ relatives in desperate need of financial help. It’s working. Fortune. https://fortune.com/2023/03/05/scammers-ai-voice-cloning-tricking-victims-sound-like-relatives-needing-money/
- Fortune. (2023b). Snapchat influencer launches CarynAI, a virtual girlfriend bot using OpenAI’s GPT-4. https://fortune.com/2023/05/09/snapchat-influencer-launches-carynai-virtual-girlfriend-bot-openai-gpt4/
- Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. Vintage.
- Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.
- Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerization? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
- Fuchs, C. (2013). Social media: A critical introduction. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446270066
- Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1980). The “mainstreaming” of America: Violence profile no. 11. Journal of Communication, 30(3), 10-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1980.tb01987.x
- Gerkin, R. C., & Wiltschko, A. B. (2022). Digitizing smell: Using molecular maps to understand odor. Google AI Blog. https://ai.googleblog.com/2022/09/digitizing-smell-using-molecular-maps.html
- Goldhaber, M. H. (1997). Attention shoppers! Wired. https://www.wired.com/1997/12/es-attention/
- Gujral, R. (2023). The implications of emotion AI in our lives [YouTube video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHoCfJlMHdM
- Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action: Reason and the rationalization of society. Beacon Press.
- Habermas, J. (1987). The theory of communicative action: Lifeworld and system, a critique of functionalist reason. Beacon Press.
- Haraway, D. J. (1991). Simians, cyborgs, and women: The reinvention of nature. Routledge.
- Harris, T., & Raskin, A. (2023). The A.I. dilemma. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoVJKj8lcNQ
- Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. L. & Rapson, R. L. (1993). Emotional contagion. Current Directions in Psychological Sciences, 2, 96-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770953
- Hofstadter, D. R. (2008). I am a strange loop. Basic Books.
- Huang, J., Gu, S. S., Hou, L., Wu, Y., Wang, X., Yu, H., & Han, J. (2022). Large language models can self-improve. arXiv, 11610. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.11610
- Innis, H. (1950). Empire and communications. Oxford University Press.
- Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(9), 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2
- Jordan, M. I., & Mitchell, T. M. (2015). Machine learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects. Science, 349(6245), 255-260. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8415
- Layton, E. (1971). Mirror-image twins: The communities of science and technology in 19th-century America. Technology and Culture, 12(4), 562-580. https://doi.org/10.2307/3102571
- McAfee, A., & Brynjolfsson, E. (2012). Big data: The management revolution. Harvard Business Review, 90(10), 60–68.
- McKinsey Global Institute. (2017). Harnessing automation for a future that works. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/digital-disruption/harnessing-automation-for-a-future-that-works
- Metz, C. (2023, May 16). Microsoft says new A.I. shows signs of human reasoning. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/16/technology/microsoft-ai-human-reasoning.html
- Mittelstadt, B. D., Allo, P., Taddeo, M., Wachter, S., & Floridi, L. (2016). The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate. Big Data & Society, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951716679679
- Moore, S. (2023). How bias impacts AI [Paper presentation]. Rise of AI Conference 2023.
- MSNBC. (2023). Hip-hop artists are leading the AI discussion. Are you listening? MSNBC. https://www.msnbc.com/the-reidout/reidout-blog/hip-hop-timbaland-ai-young-guru-rcna85875
- Nass, C., & Moon, Y. (2000). Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00153
- New York Post. (2023). AI-generated photo of fake Pentagon explosion sparks brief stock selloff. https://nypost.com/2023/05/22/ai-generated-photo-of-fake-pentagon-explosion-sparks-brief-stock-selloff/
- Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence: Public opinion–Our social skin. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x
- Obermeyer, Z., Powers, B., Vogeli, C., & Mullainathan, S. (2019). Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations. Science, 366(6464), 447-453. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax2342
- OpenAI. (2023). GPT-4 technical report. OpenAI. https://cdn.openai.com/papers/gpt-4.pdf
- Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: How the new personalized web is changing what we read and how we think. Penguin.
- Pasquale, F. (2015). The black box society: The secret algorithms that control money and information. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674736061
- Piaget, J. (1929). The child’s conception of the world. Brace Jovanovich.
- Pinch, T. J., & Bijker, W. E. (1984). The social construction of facts and artefacts: Or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other. Social Studies of Science, 14(3), 399-441. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631284014003004
- Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1(4), 515-526. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00076512
- Rogers, E. M. (1962). Diffusion of innovations. Free Press of Glencoe.
- Russell, S. (2023). How not to destroy the world with AI [YouTube video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISkAkiAkK7A&t=2865s
- Selbst, A. D., Boyd, D., Friedler, S. A., Venkatasubramanian, S., & Vertesi, J. (2019). Fairness and abstraction in sociotechnical systems. In Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (pp. 59-68). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3287560.3287598
- Selman, R. L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding: Developmental and clinical analyses. Academic Press.
- Simon, H. A. (1971). Designing organizations for an information-rich world. In M. Greenberger (Ed.), Computers, communications, and the public interest (pp. 37-72). The Johns Hopkins Press.
- Smith, A., & Anderson, M. (2018). Automation in everyday life. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2017/10/04/automation-in-everyday-life/
- Starke, C., Baleis, J., Keller, B., & Marcinkowski, F.(2022). Fairness perceptions of algorithmic decision-making: A systematic review of the empirical literature. Big Data & Society, 9(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517221115189
- Sunstein, C. R. (2001). Republic.com. Princeton University Press.
- Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2018). Regulate artificial intelligence to avert cyber arms race. Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-04602-6
- The Verge. (2023). Grimes says anyone can use her voice for AI-generated songs. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/24/23695746/grimes-ai-music-profit-sharing-copyright-ip
- Tian, Z., Cui, L., Liang, J., & Yu, S. (2022). A comprehensive survey on poisoning attacks and countermeasures in machine learning. ACM Computing Surveys, 55(8), 166. https://doi.org/10.1145/3551636
- Turkle, S. (2015). Reclaiming conversation: The power of talk in a digital age. Penguin Books.
- van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2020). The digital divide: Aspects of inequalities resulting from network participation. International Journal of Communication, 14, 3915-3931.
- Veblen, T. (1899). The theory of the leisure class: An economic study in the evolution of institution. Macmillan.
- Veblen, T. (1904). The theory of business enterprise. Charles Scribners.
- Veblen, T. (1921). The engineers & the price system. Batoche Book.
- Virvou, M. (2022). The emerging era of human-AI interaction: Keynote address. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (pp. 1-10). https://doi.org/10.1109/IISA56318.2022.9904422
- Warschauer, M., & Matuchniak, T. (2010). New technology and digital worlds: Analyzing evidence of equity in access, use, and outcomes. Review of Research in Education, 34(1), 179-225. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X09349791
- Webb, A. (2023). Amy Webb launches 2023 emerging tech trend report [YouTube video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMUpzxZB3-Y
- Winner, L. (1986). The whale and the reactor: A search for limits in an age of high technology. University of Chicago Press.
- World Economic Forum. (2018). How artificial intelligence is shaking up the job market. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/09/artificial-intelligence-shaking-up-job-market/
- World Economic Forum. (2022). AI’s trolley problem debate can lead us to surprising conclusions. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/05/ai-s-trolley-problem-debate-can-lead-us-to-surprising-conclusions/
- Zhang, C., Patras, P., & Haddadi, H. (2018). Deep learning in mobile and wireless networking: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 21, 2224-2287. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2019.2904897
- Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. Public Affairs.