Programmer or Moderator: Redefining the Listener on Interactive Broadcasting

The subject of this study is new media and radio broadcasting performed with active participation of the listener as an example of citizen journalism. The radio programmer named “Nihat’la Muhabbet” (Conversation with Nihat) that is made by Nihat Sırdar, who is one of the radio hosts of the radio Alem FM broadcasting nationally in Turkey and who has a wide audience, is broadcasted every weekday between 7-9 a.m. During the program, the listener channels the program via twits on internet regarding the topic defined by the host. The primary aim of the study is putting forth which topics are considered in the program named “Nihat’la Muhabbet” (Conversation with Nihat) that is an example of the citizen journalism and in which the audience is actively participated. With this study, it is tried to put emphasis on appropriate structure of radio for citizen journalism with changing radio broadcasting in new media environment.

into the decision processes related to them. It is aimed for citizens to realize their rights and responsibilities. Citizen journalism aims for citizen to produce source and content of the news directly himself by broadening definition of news. The balance is aimed in news and it tries to remove the distance between newspapers and citizens for this purpose (Cangöz, 2003: 104).
It is aimed to reach all news sources in citizen journalism. Ordinary people cannot be news source when looked at regular news flow. Ordinary people are compressed into violence news. The poor and ordinary people are mostly described as heroes of the tragic stories rather than their daily problems. Citizen journalism will transfer the problems directly from the language of the victims that it will be transferring and presenting us the real problems. News is made by taking information from multiple sources. Information obtained from multiple sources is very important for reporter to approach the pure reality. (Duran, 2003).It is not a must for citizen journalism to obtain information from a reliable source. Reliable sources are usually authorized people who must solve the problems and complained by the ordinary citizens. The objective here is to criticize authorized people who are expected to be the subject of the news and to transform into people who are the sources of the problems (Özer, 2012:23-43).
An opponent and different voice is needed in today's media environment for private radio and television broadcasting that is criticized because of the reason that they are producing popular content which is often parroting each other. The cheap and easy nature of radio made it the voice of opposing thoughts for years. The broadcasting environment and legal limitations of Turkish radio broadcasting developed in government monopoly prevented the formation of opposing voices. However, radio has always been the voice of opponents by its nature.
Technological developments lead the listeners to participate in radio programs actively in today's radio broadcasting. Citizen journalism may be an important evolution for private radio and television channels which are in search of alternative broadcasting.

Past and Present of Radio Broadcasting in Turkey
Radio broadcasting is to be examined in five different periods in Turkey that are period covering the first private programs of Turkish radio broadcasting between Radio broadcasting in Turkey that had begun in 1927 is carried to a different dimension in the late 1980s. The process of change accelerating in 1980s provided private radio and television broadcasting to be founded and spread in European countries. The changes, technological developments, political and cultural reasons in the world economy allowed the rapid development of radio and television broadcasting. In the late 1980s, various newspapers and entrepreneurs went into the effort of private radio and television broadcasting. A new trend was started in broadcasting by the 1990s. The process of establishment of private radio and television started to be experienced. First, private radio channels started to broadcast and then, discussions about legal arrangements took place. Some gave the name of "illegal broadcasting", some gave the name of "prohibited broadcasting" and some gave the name of "pirate broadcasting" to this period.
In this period, many institutions and private entrepreneurs broadcasted except the state-owned TRT broadcasting. Again during this period, police radios, the municipal radios and university radios participated in the broadcasting life. 1990s are the years that a media industry started to be formed. Commercial broadcastings are seen as samples of sprightliness, color and courage at first appearance in this period. But in time, radios and televisions broadcasting with commercial concerns became targets of criticism. Private radios and televisions have brought up a new broadcasting form to the agenda with their names, program contents and unusual presentations. The private radio and television channels are criticized of having a broadcasting understanding that they have only the purpose of entertaining, don't have any cultural and artistic value and contribute to the educational and cultural level of the